A decade after nepals maoist rebellion, little justice for. An overview maoist movement in india has a long history, dating back almost 40 years. Nepals cpnuml and cpnmaoist merge, form new powerful bloc. The communist movement in nepal that first appeared in 1949 after the formation of communist party of nepal under the leadership of late pushpa lal shrestha emerged as an intellectual opposition to nepali congresss. On the line and tactics of the nepal maoist movement. Jun 16, 2006 in february, nepal s maoist movement marked its 10th year of insurgency in the himalayan kingdom. Signed between nepal government and the communist party of nepal maoist 22 november 2006 preamble respecting the peoples mandate expressed in favor ofdemocracy, peace and progressive movement by the nepali people since prior to 2007 from time to time through historical struggles and peoples movements. When the maoists and royal nepal army reached a period of stalemate, the maoists merged. The maoist insurgency of nepal the web site cannot be found. The cpi maoist are often referred to as the naxalites in.
On 19 may 2016, ten maoist parties including a prounity factions from the communist party of nepal revolutionary maoist and communist party of nepal and the matrika yadav led communist party of nepal maoist merged with the party. There does not seem to be any constructive dialogue between nepal and india to address the whole gamut of indonepal relations and the conflict in nepal has stalled efforts to work together for economic development. Nepal ten summers ago in nepal, the maoist leader pushpa kamal dahal emerged from hiding just as the decade. Nepal bargamahasabha all nepal class assembly was established underground. Maoist insurgency in nepal from himal magazine, nepal news archives, and dr. This movement primarily survives on poverty, disparity and discontent among the masses. Maoist definition of maoist by the free dictionary. Opinion a maoists burden in nepal the new york times. With the latest developments in nepal and the tactics and strategy now being put forward by the cpn maoist and the continuous appeals by indian marxist and revisionists to the indian maoists to learn from the nepalese maoists, people. Maoist movement in india economic and political weekly.
In the summer of 2012 a faction of the unified communist. It is interesting to know that this group had contact with the bolsheviks6. From insurgency to state power thesis submitted to the himachal pradesh university, shimla for the degree of doctor of philosophy political science 2011 supervised by. The movement in india derives its ideological legitimacy from the.
The question of why the maoist movement began in 1996 when nepal was a democractic country has plagued a number of academics and policy makers alike, working in nepal or around nepali issues. Many people have disappeared or got killed during the war. The route of the naxalite movement that was mapped in 1967 at the time of the naxalbari uprising and adopted by the communist party of india marxistleninist in 1970, that of organising peasant guerrilla movements as a means of capturing power, has been reiterated in the programme adopted by its successor, the cpi maoist in 2004. The maoist rebellion the most dramatic influence on the dalits and the anticaste movement began in 1996 with the cpnm rebellion. Nepal ten summers ago in nepal, the maoist leader pushpa kamal dahal emerged from hiding just as the decadelong insurgency he had directed was pushing the. Contrary to portrayals ignorant of nepal s political history, the peoples warriors did not spring up from nowhere as an aberration in world politics. About the success of this group the literature tells the same. Nepal s maoist rebel leader prachanda spoke exclusively to the bbc in a rare move, the rebel leader, prachanda, spoke out about the conflict that has claimed some,000 lives and the possible exile or execution of nepal s king gyanendra. The insurgency period is known as the maovadi dwandakaal nepali. The party renamed itself to the communist party of nepal maoist centre following the merger. Maoist insurgency must be viewed in the light of nepals history of communist movement. One, the general absence of a record of social movements in nepals history of political development stands in.
View maoist movement in nepal research papers on academia. The author elaborates on the history of communism in the country, looks into the causes behind the growth of the insurgency, repercussions of the events of 911 on nepal and hindrances to a negotiated settlement of the problem in a different view of capturing. Pdf the strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist insurgency. The cpnuml and the cpn maoist center, two communist parties leading a coalition government at the center and six of the seven provinces, have officially become one, in a historic move that is expected to deepen the lefts grip on the nepali politics. Maoist synonyms, maoist pronunciation, maoist translation, english dictionary definition of maoist. In february, nepals maoist movement marked its 10th year of insurgency in the himalayan kingdom. Nepal commissioned a group of former maoist rebel fighters as officers in the national army on monday, fulfilling a main component of a fragile peace. The communist movement in nepal began with this approach, which was. Social movements are rarely if ever unified, ho mogeneous phenomena. The cpnrm was formed with the shorter original name of cpnmaoist and the word revolutionary was added later. The revisionist will join prachanda, the ring leader of neoreactionary camp and the revolutionaries will form a new revolutionary camp. Pdf this article traces the path of the communist party of. The merger, given the size of the two parties, is the biggest political experiment of its kind in nepals history which will have a longterm impact on nepals political, economic and social spheres.
The nepalese maoist movement in comparative perspective. The successful maoist insurgency has implications for us counterinsurgency doctrine that suggest a. My hope is that an analysis of indias naxalite movement will provide scholars with insights that can guide fu ture research on the 1v. Jun 06, 2005 as with the shining path, nepal s maoists deal with dissent ruthlessly. Cpn maoist, communist parties throughout the world started out with the ideology of class. The transformation started when the cpn maoist made a categorical. In the very birthplace of buddha, peace has proven to be elusive. Nepals maoist rebel leader prachanda spoke exclusively to the bbc in a rare move, the rebel leader, prachanda, spoke out about the conflict that has claimed some,000 lives and the possible exile or execution of nepals king gyanendra. The communist party of nepal maoist cpnm defeated the government of nepal in a twelveyear insurgency starting in 1996, with the maoists gaining control of the government by way of free elections in april 2008. The armed rebels in india, known as the cpimaoist, composed of the communist part of india marxistleninist cpiml and the peoples war pw, has been a headache for india since about the 1960s.
The question of why the maoist movement began in 1996 when nepal was a. May first 2014 merger declaration of cpimaoist and cpi. First general convention to decide party portfolios through consensus. Nevertheless, the outcome, in 2006 after ten years since the war has been control over 90% of the rural areas by the peoples government formed by the communist party of nepalmaoist cpnm from henceforth party. In mid2012 a group from within the unified communist party of nepal maoist headed by ucpnm leaders kiran, gaurav, badal, gurung and others split off and announced the formation of a new party, adopting the name of the original maoist party that led the 10 year peoples war from 1996 to 2006, the communist party of nepalmaoist. Nepals two main communist parties cpnuml and cpnmaoist centre have struck a historic merger deal and formed the countrys biggest political bloc after their sweeping win in the federal and. In 1994, the maoists were a part of a parliamentary alliance, the communist party of nepal cpn unity center. The political system is based on the interim constitution of nepal 2063 2007, with a. Nepals people live a constant struggle to accumulate some insulation from the hardships and arbitrariness of life. These phenomena are very common in todays society, almost all over the world and in the developing countries in particular. Maoism and nepal when nepals maoists the communist party of nepal maoist, the cpnm launched their peoples war in february 1996, they were easily dismissed as a small communist splinter group that could do no more than stir up trouble in a handful of remote regions. The form of marxismleninism developed in china chiefly by mao zedong. Maoism in nepal was inspired by indias naxalite movement northeast. The maoist movement and the threat to democracy in nepal.
The april 2006 movement was remarkable not only because it ended monarchical rule in nepal but also because it marked the beginning of the transformation of the communist party of nepal, maoist or cpn maoist from an insurgent group to a competitive political party. Comprehensive peace accord signed between nepal government. This would only play into the hands of the ruling class. Nepals bloody civil war ended in 2006 when a comprehensive peace accord was signed between the maoist rebels and the nepali state in kathmandu. It was founded in 1994 after breaking away from the communist party of nepal unity centre. On the line and tactics of the nepal maoist movement communist party of india marxistleninist naxalbari october 2010 the political situation in nepal is quickly building up to a dangerous climax, dangerous for the nepalese new democratic revolution and the international proletariat.
A decade after nepals maoist rebellion, little justice. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of. The communist movement in nepal emerged when there was a strike by the workers at biratnagar jute mill in 1947. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of violence avidit acharyay october 2009 abstract this paper studies the incidence of political violence associated with the maoist insurgency in nepal. Human rights groups say that like the security forces, they are guilty of numerous summary executions and cases of torture. They contend with a challenging landscape of hills, high mountains and plains threatened by dangerous rivers, capricious weather, an immutable bureaucracy and treacherous politics. Exmaoist fighters join army in nepal but challenges remain. Apr 28, 2015 the route of the naxalite movement that was mapped in 1967 at the time of the naxalbari uprising and adopted by the communist party of india marxistleninist in 1970, that of organising peasant guerrilla movements as a means of capturing power, has been reiterated in the programme adopted by its successor, the cpi maoist in 2004. Contrary to portrayals ignorant of nepals political history, the peoples warriors did not spring up from nowhere as an aberration in world politics. The nepalese civil war also known as the maoist conflict nepali. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of violence. The nepali state and the dynamics of the maoist insurgency.
A committee was formed for armed revolution and for the first time this assembly gave slogan long live republic of nepal. Based on fieldwork in several areas, they consider how the intersecting lines of class, caste, ethnicity, religion. As per the commitment expressed in the letter sent on behalf of the nepal government and the cpn maoist to the united nations on august 9, 2006, the maoists army combatants to remain within the following temporary cantonments in the following places. It is famous for its diversity, in terms of geography, culture, economy, religion, ethnicity social structures,economic class and others. Jan 29, 2017 the beginning of the maoist movement in nepal can be traced to 1949, with the formation of the countrys first communist party. In contrast to existing quantitative studies of the civil conflict in nepal, we argue that combinations of motive and opportunity were crucial for the development of the maoist insurgency and that these conditions stem largely from the nature of the nepali state. These diversities have made the land fertile for creating.
Communist party of nepal revolutionary maoist originally named. The ultraleft includes the communist party of nepal maoist, the united. Al jazeera tells this story through the eyes of the nepali people. As with the shining path, nepals maoists deal with dissent ruthlessly.
I sat here in this same forum nine years ago with com rade baburam bhattarai, spokesman of the united peoples front, the political wing of nepals maoist party. Cpn maoist this page is devoted to making available documents and statements of the communist party of nepal revolutionary maoist. Nepal s two main communist parties cpnuml and cpn maoist centre have struck a historic merger deal and formed the countrys biggest political bloc after their sweeping win in the federal and. Nepal in terms of resolving the maoist problem and moving the political process forward. Comprehensive peace accord signed between nepal government and the communist party of nepal maoist 22 november 2006 preamble respecting the peoples mandate expressed in favor ofdemocracy, peace and progressive movement by the nepali people since prior to 2007 from time to time through historical struggles and peoples movements. Nepal, with a population of approximately 29 million, is a federal democratic republic.
Aimed at both the general reader and the specialist, understanding the maoist movement of nepal is indispensable for those interested in contemporary nepal. Nepal s bloody civil war ended in 2006 when a comprehensive peace accord was signed between the maoist rebels and the nepali state in kathmandu. At first glance, nepal appears to be idyllic, but there is strife brewing beneath the surface, and it is wearing a red star. Similarly, maoist center has retained the post of vice president, while deputy speaker will be from the uml. Aug 26, 20 nepal commissioned a group of former maoist rebel fighters as officers in the national army on monday, fulfilling a main component of a fragile peace deal that ended civil war but has failed to.
Now the newly formed communist nucleus, nepal has appealed the revolutionary cadres of all maoist parties to join the nucleus. Social movement, civil society and regime change in nepal devendra raj panday this presentation seeks to highlight two important aspects of nepals experience with social movements and the ongoing struggle for social change. In a joint statement here on wednesday, general secretary of cpi maoist ganapathy, secretary of cpim naxalbari ajith said the unified party would take marxismleninismmaoism as its guiding ideology. Aimed at both the general reader and the specialist, understanding the maoist movement of nepal is indispensable for those interested in. Social movement, civil society and regime change in nepal. The communist party of nepal maoist centre abbreviated cpn maoist, cpn maoist, cpn maoist or cpnm. In a joint statement here on wednesday, general secretary of cpimaoist ganapathy, secretary of cpim naxalbari ajith said the unified party would take marxismleninismmaoism as its guiding ideology. Uml, maoist center merge to form nepal communist party. I take a crosssectional approach where the unit of analysis is the district, and dependent variable is total killings by state and maoists. The maoist insurgency in nepal had many underlying reasons. Maoist movement in india has a long history of about 40 years and still continues in a more organised and deadly way. That is understandable in a country which has seen the communist groupings split, merge and split again so many times that only an acute observer will be able to navigate this history with ease. The maoist movement of nepal has assumed alarming proportions in the last few years. Nepal had just emerged six months before from a mass democ.
Ideology and agency in nepals maoist movement two anthropologists examine the maoists claims of radical social transformation in the light of womens experiences on the ground. In mid2012 a group from within the unified communist party of nepal maoist headed by ucpnm leaders kiran, gaurav, badal, gurung and others split off and announced the formation of a new party, adopting the name of the original maoist party that led the 10 year peoples war from 1996 to 2006, the communist party of nepal maoist. Cpiml naxalbari, cpimaoist merge the cpimaoist and the cpiml naxalbari have merged and the new party will be known as cpi maoist. It was founded on 21 september 2004, through the merger of the communist party of india marxistleninist peoples war peoples war group and the maoist communist centre of india mcci. Transition to democracy and consolidation of the maoist movement. Cpiml naxalbari, cpi maoist merge the cpi maoist and the cpiml naxalbari have merged and the new party will be known as cpi maoist. Nepal s people live a constant struggle to accumulate some insulation from the hardships and arbitrariness of life.
The decadelong insurgency was characterized by two distinct dynamics. Jan 29, 2008 20 november 2001 the nepalese speak for the first time about what really happened that night when crown prince dipendra massacred his family members and all but destroyed the countrys ruling. While events in nepal are troublesome and a kind of diplomatic disaster for india, india would benefit from a peaceful nepal and suffers costs from having a poor and conflictridden neighbour. For the general public in nepal, the maoists were quite an unknown entity until they burst into the scene in 1996. There is going to be happened a new polarization of the nepalese maoist movement. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy.
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